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Its engines power more than 30 types of commercial aircraft, and it has more 30,000 engines currently in service across both the civil and defence sectors. Henry VIII broke from communion with the Catholic Church, over issues relating to his divorce, under the Acts of Supremacy in 1534 which proclaimed the monarch head of the Church of England. Domestically it drove the Industrial Revolution, a period of profound change in the socioeconomic and cultural conditions of England, resulting in industrialised agriculture, manufacture, engineering and mining, as well as new and pioneering road, rail and water networks to facilitate their expansion and development. [126] Their geological composition includes, among others, sandstone and limestone, and also coal. [83] Political agitation at home from radicals such as the Chartists and the suffragettes enabled legislative reform and universal suffrage. Prominent English figures from the field of science and mathematics include Sir Isaac Newton, Michael Faraday, Charles Darwin, Robert Hooke, James Prescott Joule, John Dalton, Lord Rayleigh, J. J. Thomson, James Chadwick, Charles Babbage, George Boole, Alan Turing, Tim Berners-Lee, Paul Dirac, Stephen Hawking, Peter Higgs, Roger Penrose, John Horton Conway, Thomas Bayes, Arthur Cayley, G. H. Hardy, Oliver Heaviside, Andrew Wiles, Francis Crick, Joseph Lister, Joseph Priestley, Thomas Young, Christopher Wren and Richard Dawkins. [260] State-run and state-funded schools are attended by approximately 93% of English schoolchildren. Other inventions include the iron plate railway, the thermosiphon, tarmac, the rubber band, the mousetrap, "cat's eye" road marker, joint development of the light bulb, steam locomotives, the modern seed drill and many modern techniques and technologies used in precision engineering. [200], The average life expectancy of people in England is 77.5 years for males and 81.7 years for females, the highest of the four countries of the United Kingdom. The biennial golf competition, the Ryder Cup, is named after English businessman Samuel Ryder who sponsored the event and donated the trophy. [103], The English law legal system, developed over the centuries, is the basis of common law[104] legal systems used in most Commonwealth countries[105] and the United States (except Louisiana). The government has devolved responsibility to the bank's Monetary Policy Committee for managing the monetary policy of the country and setting interest rates. [30] It was during this time that major Neolithic monuments such as Stonehenge and Avebury were constructed. However, when the proposal was rejected by the 2004 North East England devolution referendum in the North East, further referendums were cancelled. England is closer than any other part of mainland Britain to the European continent. [121] It empties into the Bristol Channel and is notable for its Severn Bore (a tidal bore), which can reach 2 metres (6.6 ft) in height. Subsequently, the House of Plantagenet from Anjou inherited the English throne under Henry II, adding England to the budding Angevin Empire of fiefs the family had inherited in France including Aquitaine. [190], London is one of the world's most visited cities, regularly taking the top five most visited cities in Europe. Wessex under Alfred the Great was left as the only surviving English kingdom, and under his successors, it steadily expanded at the expense of the kingdoms of the Danelaw. Get backstage sneak peeks, exclusive content and access to Clash Live events and a true view into our world as the fun and games unfold. Ryder Cup: Had a 2-2-0 record in his third Ryder Cup, including a 4-and-3 defeat of Jarmo Sandelin in … Combined, these changes prompted the reform of local government in England in the mid-20th century. [21] How and why a term derived from the name of a tribe that was less significant than others, such as the Saxons, came to be used for the entire country and its people is not known, but it seems this is related to the custom of calling the Germanic people in Britain Angli Saxones or English Saxons to distinguish them from continental Saxons (Eald-Seaxe) of Old Saxony between the Weser and Eider rivers in Northern Germany. [376] The top level of club participation is the English Premiership. English Heritage is a governmental body with a broad remit of managing the historic sites, artefacts and environments of England. Susan Boyle, 59 ... Maura Gallagher, 60 Family Member. [266] Standards in state schools are monitored by the Office for Standards in Education, and in private schools by the Independent Schools Inspectorate. "The History of the World's Greatest- Entrepreneurs: Biographies of Success". [201], With over 53 million inhabitants, England is by far the most populous country of the United Kingdom, accounting for 84% of the combined total. [56] The Black Death epidemic hit England; starting in 1348, it eventually killed up to half of England's inhabitants. ", "Tim Webber: the man who put Sandra Bullock in space", Barry Ronge's Classic DVD : Alice in Wonderland, "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland", "English World Heritage Sites to get strongest ever protections", "Facts and figures of the British Library", "Hurst the hero for England in the home of football", "Tracking 30 years of TV's most watched programmes", "The father of football deserves much more", "History and time are key to power of football, says Premier League chief", "Premier League towers over world football, says Deloitte", "Liverpool beat Spurs to become champions of Europe for sixth time", "England 1st country to win Cricket World Cup, Football World Cup and Rugby World Cup", "2019 Cricket World Cup final: England beat Black Caps in greatest ODI in history".

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